Why Superconductivity?

Superconducting technology is widely recognised as an essential enabler for large-scale electric aircraft. While batteries and conventional electric motors may serve small aircraft, achieving the power densities required for regional and commercial aviation demands a fundamentally different approach.

The Power Density Challenge

Commercial aircraft require propulsion systems delivering megawatts of power. Conventional copper-wound electric motors cannot achieve the power-to-weight ratios needed — typically greater than 20 kW/kg — without becoming prohibitively heavy. Superconducting motors, which carry current with zero electrical resistance, can deliver these power densities within practical weight envelopes.

Key Advantages

• Zero resistance — Superconductors carry current without resistive losses, enabling dramatically lighter and more efficient electrical machines
• Higher power density — Superconducting machines can achieve 5-10x the power density of conventional equivalents
• Reduced weight — Lighter propulsion systems directly translate to greater range, payload, or reduced fuel consumption
• System synergies — When combined with liquid hydrogen fuel (which also serves as a cryogenic coolant), superconducting systems offer elegant whole-aircraft solutions

The Hydrogen Synergy

Liquid hydrogen, stored at around 20 Kelvin (-253°C), provides both a zero-carbon fuel source and an ideal cryogenic environment for superconducting components. This dual-use of hydrogen creates a compelling system architecture where the fuel simultaneously enables high-efficiency electrical power distribution throughout the aircraft.

Current State of the Art

Several major programmes are advancing superconducting aviation technology:

• Airbus ASCEND — Demonstrating a superconducting cryogenic electric distribution network
• ASuMED — EU project demonstrating a fully superconducting 1 MW motor
• TELOS — Developing a 10 MW superconducting generator
• New Zealand National Programme — Multidisciplinary research programme led by Robinson Research Institute

The Path Forward

While significant engineering challenges remain — particularly around cryogenic system reliability, certification, and manufacturing scale-up — the physics case for superconducting aviation is clear. EFATS exists to bring together the community working to make this vision a reality.